What is the impact of groundwater overdraft?

Groundwater overdraft occurs when the rate of water extraction from aquifers exceeds the natural replenishment rate through processes such as rainfall and surface water infiltration. The correct answer highlights that this situation leads to a decline in water levels within the aquifers, which can further result in various environmental issues.

When the water levels drop significantly due to excessive pumping, it can create a condition known as land subsidence, where the ground sinks because of the lack of support from underground water. This can damage buildings, roads, and other infrastructure; it can also alter natural drainage patterns and increase the risks of flooding in some areas.

Understanding the consequences of groundwater overdraft is essential for effective water resource management and planning, emphasizing the need for sustainable practices to ensure that aquifers are not depleted beyond their ability to naturally recharge.