What effect can surface water intrusion have on a water well?

Surface water intrusion can lead to contamination of a water well primarily because surface water often contains various pollutants, sediments, and microorganisms that are not present in deeper groundwater sources. When surface water enters a water well, it introduces these potential contaminants into the aquifer. This is particularly concerning in areas where agricultural runoff, sewage, or industrial waste might be present.

The risk of contamination is heightened in wells that are shallow or improperly sealed, as they may be more vulnerable to the influx of surface water. This situation can compromise the quality of the water used for drinking and irrigation, posing health risks to individuals relying on that water supply. Addressing such issues often requires significant remediation efforts to restore the well's water quality, emphasizing the potential dangers associated with surface water intrusion.

In contrast, the other options underestimate the impact of surface water on well water, either incorrectly suggesting potential benefits or asserting that there is no effect at all. It's crucial to understand that managing surface water intrusion is an important aspect of well maintenance and water quality protection.