What contaminants are typically tested in well water?

Testing for contaminants in well water is crucial for ensuring safe drinking water. Nitrates, arsenic, and heavy metals are specific contaminants of concern that can pose significant health risks.

Nitrates are commonly found in groundwater, often resulting from agricultural runoff and wastewater, and can lead to health issues, particularly in infants. Arsenic is a naturally occurring element that can leach into groundwater from geological formations and is known for its toxicity and carcinogenic properties. Heavy metals, like lead and mercury, can contaminate well water through various environmental pathways, including industrial discharges and plumbing materials.

While chlorine and fluoride are important for municipal water supplies and can be relevant in certain contexts, they are not typically tested in private well water systems unless there is a specific concern about disinfection practices. pH and turbidity levels are important water quality parameters but do not directly indicate the presence of harmful contaminants. Similarly, salinity and dissolved oxygen measurements pertain more to water quality assessments in aquatic systems rather than the identification of specific health-related contaminants in drinking water wells. Thus, the focus on nitrates, arsenic, and heavy metals in choice B reflects a relevant and critical understanding of the types of contaminants that require testing in well water to protect human health.